Solid-Particulate Diverter Optimization: Coupling Perforation-Scale Particle Transport to Field-Scale Fracturing Simulation

Abstract

Recently, industry has been using degradable solid particulate diverters with greater frequency in fracturing, refracturing, and acidizing operations. The main purpose of using diverters is to distribute the stimulation fluid uniformly between all clusters to enhance the ultimate production efficiency. However, although operators have been deploying this technology on a more widespread basis, they have not been as focused on the underlying mechanisms, physics and controlling parameters. The aim of this study is to use perforation-scale models to better understand particulate system plugging under downhole conditions and couple it to reservoir-scale simulations to thoroughly investigate the process and optimize the operational parameters accordingly. The proposed design engine and workflow enables operators to simulate multiple diversion scenarios, to compare the resulting fracture geometries, to assess stimulation efficiency, and to investigate the effect of diversion design on the production performance. Based on a field case study, our geomechanical analyses indicate that we can optimize the diverter design and customize operational parameters to enhance fracturing efficiency. Through accurate diverter design, operators are better equipped to develop uniform fractures from all planned clusters.

1. INTRODUCTION

Hydraulic fracturing and multistage completions along horizontal wells are widely used to improve hydrocarbon productivity from permeability-challenged formations. During a typical hydraulic fracturing operation, fracturing fluid is injected into a wellbore and penetrates a target formation above the formation pressure. Depending on the completion and pumping strategy, single or multiple tensile fractures can be initiated from wellbore wall and then extended into the target layers. Recent industry practices in North America have demonstrated the success of hydraulic fracturing technology for economic production from low- permeability reservoirs.

Induced-fracture characteristics and quality (such as length, height, extent, and conductivity) dictate the effectiveness of a hydraulic fracturing operation. However, several field cases indicate that only a limited number of planned clusters can contribute to the overall production [1, 2]. This anomaly can be attributed primarily to hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation in the near-wellbore and far-field regions.